Jeff Goodall. The Heat Will Kill You First” life and death on a scorched planet. 2023
Global Boiling is here. This book, published in 2023 by writer Jeff Goodall, details the current climate catastrophe. Fortunately, he offers solutions to avoid the Goldilocks Zone, or habitable zone in the solar system and perhaps the universe.
“Definitions of extreme heat, like definitions of pornography, depend a lot on context. . . . in Texas, a temperature rise of one or two degrees is imperceptible. In Antarctica, however, a change of one or two degrees can be the difference between ice and water and between stability and collapse.” (169)
NASA climate scientist James Hansen believes that “estimates were far too conservative and that the waters could rise by as much as ten feet by 2100.” (171)
“In the world before air-conditioning, there was less CO2 in the atmosphere to trap the heat and less asphalt and concrete on the ground to radiate it back to you.” (207)
“The rise of air-conditioning accelerated the construction of sealed boxes, where the buildings’ only airflow is through the filtered ducts of the air-conditioning unit. It doesn’t have to be this way. Look at any old building in a hot climate, whether it’s in Sicily or Marrakesh, or Tehran. Architects understood the importance of shade, airflow, insulation, and light colors. They oriented buildings to capture cool breezes and deflect the worst of the heat of the afternoon. They built with thick walls and white roofs, and transoms over doors to encourage airflow. Anyone who has ever spent a few minutes in an adobe in Tucson or walked on the narrow streets of old Seville knows how well these construction methods work. But all this wisdom about how to deal with heat, accumulated over centuries of practical experience, is all too often ignored. “In this, air-conditioning is not just a technology of personal comfort; it is also a technology of forgetting.” (222)
The cause of the “killer heat” affects those not responsible for it as well, such as Pakistan, which produces precious little CO2 emissions. (224)
“The heat wave ranking system used by the National Weather Service (NWS) has very little scientific rigor. The NWS ranks heat in three categories: watches, warnings, and advisories. Heat watches are the least severe in this ranking system; heat advisories are the most severe.” (233)
Goodall writes of deadly heat waves throughout the world. In Seville, Spain, July heat killed “about fourteen and fifteen a day. . . . During the heat wave, we had many days when deaths numbered in the twenties. And some were in the thirties.” (242)
Until recently, Paris’ summer temperatures stayed around the 70s degrees Fahrenheit, so no one had air-conditioning.
By 2003, Paris experienced a heat wave. In August, temperatures rose to “95 degrees, sometimes spiking up to 104 degrees. It didn’t cool off much at night either.” (246)
“Even working around the clock, burials and cremations could not keep up with the number of deaths.” (247)
“For cities, the challenge of thriving on a superheated planet is twofold. . . . . Another fifty years of suburban sprawl is not the answer. Cities need to be denser. Cars need to be replaced with bikes and public transit. New buildings need to be not only efficient and built of sustainable materials but also safe for people during increasingly intense heat waves. That means more green space, more trees, more water, more shade, more thermally intelligent urban design.
“The second, and more difficult, challenging is figuring out what to do with existing buildings and cityscapes. The vast majority of existing buildings are ill-suited for the extreme climate of the twenty-first century: poorly insulated, poorly sited, dependent on air-conditioning to keep them habitable.” (250)
Different places worldwide are working to make their areas survivable throughout Global Boiling. Urban gardens, clean water, plexiglass awnings. (251)
Fifteen thousand people died in “France in the 2003 heat wave.” The French response was, “We have to take better of old people.” (252)
Many cities worldwide have never had extreme weather, so there was no concern about global warming. (252)
Nineteenth-century Paris constructed zinc roofs. However, these were counterproductive in the twenty-first century. Today, “zinc roofs are deadly.” (254)
“Ripping off the roof” people had to confront preservationists. “It would take years to get a permit, and then, most likely, you will be denied.” (255)
In 2018, the new mayor of Paris was rebuked for limiting cars, and this caused the so-called yellow vest protests. (257)
“Paris recorded its highest temperature ever: 108.7 degrees.” (258)
“There used to be a lot of nice big shade trees in Phoenix, but they cut them all down in the 1960s because they were worried about how much water they used.” (260)
Solutions to global boiling rely on class. Wealthy areas of Houston are “full of majestic trees.” A multi-ethnic poorer neighborhood “is an asphalt desert.” This is true of other urban areas of the world. (262)
“Heat in a supposedly cold place is terrifying. Ice is a precision thermometer, registering the most minute changes.” (274)
“For polar bears, heat equals starvation. They depend on sea ice to hunt seals.” Without the cold, they die. (274)
“There are no signs or border crossing guards at the edge of the Goldilocks Zone. If we cross over, no alarms will go off. Depending on where you live, you may cross over sooner than others. But unless we take dramatic action now, we may all discover what it’s like to live outside the zone.” (292)
“And it wasn’t just the scientists who knew. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson was warned, as have been many presidents after him. By 1977, Exxon (now ExxonMobil) not only knew that decades of burning fossil fuels would heat up the atmosphere but developed in-house climate models that projected those changes with remarkable accuracy. Despite that know wedge, we have not only continued burning fossil fuels, we have continued burning them with reckless abandon. . . . beyond the Goldilocks Zone.” (292)
People can make the necessary changes, and technology is available to save humanity. However, there is no “political will, and big oil and gas companies wanting to milk their investments as long as they can.”
If we reach the Goldilocks Zone, some people will make it, and some won’t. Trees will die. Beaches will be under the ocean. “Mosquitoes and other insects will be year-round companions.” (293)
In some areas, “outdoor life will become virtually impossible. People will flee . . . to . . . cooler climates.” (294)
“The first and most striking consequence of the human race’s trip out of the Goldilocks Zone will be the widening of the thermal divide, the invisible but very real line that separates the cool from the suffering, the lucky from the damned.” (294)
As we are confronted with immense catastrophe, all we can do is argue over minutiae. “In the long run, extreme heat is an extinction force.” (295)
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